The test can be performed at the site or in the laboratory with a test apparatus available in two forms. Complete extraction of most fixings after test in one simple operation. Some modification in the layout and in the evaluation of results of these tests are proposed in order to get more real local bondslip relationships. Dec 08, 2010 a pull out test on a ribbed reinforcement bar embedded into concrete duration. Further increase of the pull out load and progressive radial cracking caused abrupt slip and pull out of the bar. Pull out tests were conducted in accordance to international union of laboratories and experts in construction materials, systems and structures rilem recommendations using specimens measuring 300 mm in height.
Apr 15, 2012 a pull out test on a short ribbed reinforcement bar embedded into concrete duration. Thus rehm 1 studied the bond of only one lug in pull out tests. Analysis of the test data indicates that replacing more than 50% of coarse natural. In the following, the recommendations of 3 and 4 are explained. Each specimen was composed by two concrete blocks 400. The rilem samples and the compressive strength cubes were cured by immersion in water for 28 days. Pullout of textile reinforcement in concrete sciencedirect. Rilem technical recommendation 3, astm 23491a 4, and ds 2082 5 are the most commonly followed references that give the recommendationson the pull out test. Critical analysis of frpnsm doubleshear pullout tests. The embedment length of the bars l b 5d b was properly marked and the bars were placed at the bottom of the concrete cube see fig. A pull out test on a short ribbed reinforcement bar embedded into concrete duration.
Rilem recommendations for the testing and use of constructions. Loktest and capotest literature organized by year of publication kiekegaardhansen, p lokstrength, nordisk betong 31975 the initial development of a pullout test is described, the desire being to design a reliable, physical test for testing the compressive inplace instead of relying on laboratory cast and cured standard cylinders, only. Experimental study of bond behaviour between concrete and frp. Jun 01, 2018 this test works by attaching a small device to the hardware such as a screw, exterior bolt or nut. When fixings are tested to failure, they usually need to be fully extracted from the base material. The fullscale beam splice specimens were based on a nonstandard test procedure that is considered to be the most realistic stress state response for bond. Pullout tests were conducted in accordance to international union of laboratories and experts in construction materials, systems and structures rilem recommendations using specimens measuring 300 mm in height. Bond behaviour between reinforcing steel and concrete under.
Experimental characterization of bond fatigue using beam. Standard test method for pullout strength of hardened concrete. Testing procedures before the commencement of the pull out test, the rilem samples were kept under room temperature after the completion of the 28 days curing in water. Both average strength and its scatter are considered. The bond characteristics of the reinforcing steels are determined with the well known pullout test andor beam test recommended by rilem cebfip. Bond behavior of frp bars under direct pullout conditions core. A steel reinforcement is embedded in a concrete sample. Equipment the equipment necessary for measuring water absorption under low pressure is simple. The vessel test diameter should be a minimum of 677. It is possible that their observations may not entirely correspond to the conventional pullout test. The test was conducted according to force control such that the load was applied by a hydraulic jack on top of the rigid frame structure. A pull out test on a ribbed reinforcement bar embedded.
Thus rehm 1 studied the bond of only one lug in pullout tests. Some modification in the layout and in the evaluation of results of these tests are proposed in. The experimental setup developed to conduct the pull out tests is illustrated in fig. Cyclic beam bending test for assessment of bondslip behavior. Experimental investigation of steelconcrete bond for thin. Wittmann, laboratory for building materials, swiss federal institute of technology zurich, switzerland abstract fallowing an invitation from rilem to participate in a round robin, anchor pullout tests were run. Evaluation of pull out behaviour in textile reinforced concrete. The standard anchor system has a pull stroke of 2 inches 50mm with an option to extend to 4 inches 100mm. As expected, higher bond stress was obtained when the pull out test is carried out for. The first standardized test setup to determine the bond behavior of reinforcing bars in concrete was the rilem pullout test. The tests performed depend upon the requirements set forth for each particular material.
Jun 25, 2019 the recommendation applies for most common techniques ultrasonic pulse velocity, rebound hammer, pull out but also for less common techniques penetration test, etc. Different pull out tests have been developed to obtain better information about bond 12. Recommendation of rilem tc249isc on non destructive in. Compressive strength of concrete in existing structures by combining core strength values and nondestructive measurements. In this case, any deformation at the end of the concrete due to the pullout load would be recorded as bar slip although it is not actually slip. Anchor test system measuring the anchor strengths in. A round robin test was organized by rilem tc 250csm on 28 frcm composites comprising basalt, carbon, glass, pbo, aramid and steel textiles, embedded in either cement, lime or geopolymer mortars. Bond stress behavior between concrete and steel rebar. The experimental setup developed to conduct the pullout tests is illustrated in fig. Numerical approach of the steelconcrete bond behavior. Despite the fact that the bonding material may vary, the pullout test remains identical for all hardware types. Then, this equipment is pulled, depending on the allocated level of stress, in order to gauge the strength and attachment of the hardware. Deriving a characteristic strength from the assessment results is not considered here.
Bond stress, pull out test, finite element fe modeling and analysis, perfect bond, ansys. It should be noted that, although this test has some advantages over the direct pullout test, due to the complexities involved in both test setup and specimen fabrication fewer studies have been performed using the rilem beam test elhacha et al. Experimental investigation of steelconcrete bond for thin reinforcing bars 1935 latin american journal of solids and structures 14 2017 19321951 according to figure 1, the anchorage length was 5 times the steel rebar diameter, and the non. Experimental investigation on the use of steelconcrete bond tests. This standard covers method for conducting pullout test on anchor bars and rock bolts is a fullcolumngrouted rock bolt or bar with cementsand grout or resin. Investigation of bond stress in pull out specimens with. A semianalytical model to simulate the direct shear pull. A modified pullout test and new evaluation methods for a more real.
Introduction concrete is a very strong material in compression and reinforcing steel in tension. As expected, higher bond stress was obtained when the pullout test is carried out for. A semianalytical model to simulate the direct shear pullout behaviour of hookedend steel fibres. The apparatus requires a pressure vessel rated to a minimum 690 kpa 14 410 lbsft 2. However, the bond stresses and slip values according to the pull out loads seem to be independent of the transverse tension level and nearly unaffected by the concrete cover. Recommendation of rilem tc249isc on non destructive in situ. Teachings from a large sample of in situ tests nuno m. Recycled concrete aggregate rca for infrastructure. This compendium of rilem technical recommendations is published for the first time, in the context of the.
The pullout test specimens used in the presented experimental work measured 400 x 100 x 15 mm and reinforced by one layer of reinforcement mesh. Ring test for evaluation of bond properties of reinforcing. The pull out tests were performed according to aci 440. The pullout test setup and specimen configuration employed in this work was designed based on the doublesided unsymmetrical test by kruger 10 and lorenz and ortlepp 14. Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and the type of aggregate lightweight or normal weight. Different pullout tests have been developed to obtain better information about bond 12. Numerical approach of the steelconcrete bond behavior using. A 200 mm cubic mould was used to manufacture the pullout specimens. This test method was chosen over other methods for several reasons. The test method selected for this research program was the rilem bond test for reinforcing steelbeam test, specification number 7ii28 d 10. A flexural test was preferred over a direct pullout test because it more realistically simulates the actual conditions in a beam or slab.
Further increase of the pullout load and progressive radial cracking caused abrupt slip and pullout of the bar. Regarding the tests, it was verified in the literature that most of the tests used to evaluate steelconcrete bond are. These pullout tests are realized with 8 and 32 cm of embedding length. This recommendation is written to improve the assessment of the in situ. For this reason a modified version of lowbergs test was adopted. Clifton, wichita, ks 67216 phone 316 5229300 toll free 800 6767346 fax 316 5229346.
Aci member luc courard is a professor in the department of architecture. Evaluation of pullout behaviour in textile reinforced. Note 5type of spindle depends on measured viscosity range and type of viscometer. Bond stress, pullout test, finite element fe modeling and analysis, perfect bond, ansys. A pull out test on a ribbed reinforcement bar embedded into. This paper shows the experimental results obtained from 08 eight specimen test diameter of bar type of concrete on pull out specimens with conventional and high strength concrete. The bond characteristics of the reinforcing steels are determined with the well known pullout test andor beam test recommended by rilemcebfip. Bond behaviour between reinforcing steel and concrete. Ring test for evaluation of bond properties of reinforcing bars. The pullout test setup and specimen configuration employed in this work was designed based on the doublesided unsymmetrical test by kruger and lorenz and ortlepp. Investigation of bond stress in pull out specimens with high. This standard covers method for conducting pull out test on anchor bars and rock bolts is a fullcolumngrouted rock bolt or bar with cementsand grout or resin.
Rilem technical recommendation 3, astm 23491a 4, and ds 2082 5 are the most commonly followed references that give the recommendationson the pullout test. Choose the proper spindle for the viscosity measurement and attach the spindle to the viscometer. Test procedure for testing epoxy materials txdot designation. Two test methods were used for bond strength comparisons. Bicanic department of civil engineering, university of glasgow, scotland, summary complex stress states exist in regions adjacent to reinforcing bars in concrete subject to pullout forces. Rilem recommendations for the testing and use of constructions materials editors. The pullout tests were performed according to aci 440. Test methods and design of textile reinforced concrete article pdf available in materials and structures 10. Experimental investigation on the effect of bondslip. A 200 mm cubic mould was used to manufacture the pull out specimens.
Astm d7853 standard test method for hydraulic pullout. Rilem kits professional products watersealant graffiti. The recommendation does not apply to situations in which no core has been taken from the existing structure and is limited to situations where ndt is combined with cores. Diy brick rocket stove cooking without power duration. After model calibration, the classical rilem configuration for the pullout test is evaluated at different loading rates for model validation. They propose an adaptation of the traditional pullout test pot method, standardized by the ceb fip. The pullout test specimens used in the presented experimental work measured 400. The first was a direct pullout test based on the rilem 7ii128 rc6. A pull out test on a ribbed reinforcement bar embedded into concrete duration. Pullout strength and bond behavior of prestressing strands.
The bond characteristics of the reinforcing steels are determined with the well known pull out test andor beam test recommended by rilemcebfip. Results are used for evaluation of a structural response considering a cantilever reinforced concrete beam at mesolevel of. Some existing pull out test data do not satisfy current bond requirements for high strength concrete. It should be noted that, although this test has some advantages over the direct pull out test, due to the complexities involved in both test setup and specimen fabrication fewer studies have been performed using the rilem beam test elhacha et al. Testing procedures before the commencement of the pullout test, the rilem samples were kept under room temperature after the completion of the 28 days curing in water. This test works by attaching a small device to the hardware such as a screw, exterior bolt or nut. Effect of reinforcing bar contamination on steelconcrete. A l b ed zone w 1 ar m te 2 ed zone p 1 2 s w 2 ss bond s w u slip s u e l p 1 b l p 2 e ut p u 1 s1 in ks d e e on 1 u lim 1 s2 s1 s2 s u 1 i 0 s 1 s 2 s u s s lim w 2 w lim w 1 w 2 s w w u figure 2. Evaluation of pullout behaviour in textile reinforced concrete. However, the bond stresses and slip values according to the pullout loads seem to be independent of the transverse tension level and nearly unaffected by the concrete cover. The different studies showed significant effects of steel rebar surface characteristics. Pullout strength and bond behavior of prestressing.
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